ABSTRACT
A method was established for content determination of two kinds of phenolic acids, including rosmarinic acid)(RA) and caffeic acid(CA), and six kinds of flavonoids including scutellarein-7-O-diglucuronide(SDG), luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide(LDG), apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide(ADG), scutellarin-7-O-glucuronide(SG), luteolin-7-O-glucuronide(LG), and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide(AG) in Perilla frutescens leaves. The content of eight chemical components was measured based on ten P. frutescens germplasms of different chemotypes of volatile oil, different cultivated years, and different harvesting periods. The results showed that there was a great difference between the two kinds of constituents of different germplasms. The total content of the two phenolic acids was 2.24-34.44 mg·g~(-1), and the total content of the six flavonoids was 11.55-34.71 mg·g~(-1). Then according to content from most to least, the order of each component was RA(2.13-33.97 mg·g~(-1)), LDG(1.31-14.80 mg·g~(-1)), SG(1.97-8.45 mg·g~(-1)), ADG(2.68-7.60 mg·g~(-1)), SDG(1.16-5.87 mg·g~(-1)), LG(0.78-1.91 mg·g~(-1)), AG(0.56-1.00 mg·g~(-1)), and CA(0.11-0.68 mg·g~(-1)). The chemical contents of the 5 PA-type germplasms in 2017 were mostly higher than those in 2018 showing a large variation with the cultivation years. These contents of two kinds of phenolic acids of 9 germplasms fluctuated with the harvesting time. The content decreased before early flower spike(the 3~(rd) to 18~(th) in August) at first and began to increase in flowering and fruiting period(the 18~(th) in August to 2~(nd) in September). However, these contents had slowly decreasing trend after 2~(nd) in September till 17~(th) in the same month. Interestingly, the content raised again in the maturity of fruits. The variation tendency of contents in six kinds of flavonoids components was inconsistent in different germplasms with the variation of harvesting time. The content of flavonoids in part of germplasms was negatively correlated with the fluctuation of phenolic acids. There was no correlation between phenolic acids and chemical type of the volatile oil. This paper may provide a reference for the high-quality germplasm of P. frutescens cultivation.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids , Oils, Volatile , Perilla frutescens , Phenols , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
China, as a whole, is about to meet the Millennium Development Goals for reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), but the disparities between rural area and urban area still exists. This study estimated the potential effectiveness of expanding coverage with high impact interventions using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). It was found that gestational hypertension, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, and neonatal childhood pneumonia and diarrhea are still the major killers of mothers and children in rural area in China. It was estimated that 30% of deaths among 0-59 month old children and 25% of maternal deaths in 2008 could be prevented in 2015 if primary health care intervention coverage expanded to a feasible level. The LiST death cause framework, compared to data from the Maternal and Child Mortality Surveillance System, represents 60%-80% of neonatal deaths, 40%-50% of deaths in 1-59 month old children and 40%-60% of maternal deaths in rural areas of western China.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Child Mortality , China , Epidemiology , Health Priorities , Maternal MortalityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic efficacy both apexification and revascularization in the immature anterior teeth of animal model with apical periodontitis, and observe the histological situation of revascularization in the root canal.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six immature anterior teeth of one animal model (dog) aged approximately 4.5 months was selected. Afterwards, periapical periodontitis pattern were established, the samples were randomly divided into the experimental group (revascularization, 3 teeth) and the control group (apexification, 3 teeth). To compare the development of root and the healing of periapical inflammation, the involved teeth were respectively radiographed 1, 4, 8 weeks after surgery. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks, and the closure of apical foramen and the content of root canal were observed by hematine-eosine (HE) staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The postoperative radiography after 1 week and 4 weeks, the apical foramen size and the periapical radiolucency of the samples was shown no perceptual change. After 8 weeks, the experimental group periapical radiolucency area was obviously more narrowing, and had a apical closure tendency whereas the thickness of the root canal walls had imperceptible changed. While the control group periapical radiolucency change varied. The granulation tissue could be seen within the lumen of the experimental group, which contained a large number of irregular calcification, the calcification was obvious in the apical and adjacent the root canal wall. A small quantity of hard tissue was deposited in the apical of the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Revascularization may increase the recovery of immature anterior teeth with chronic periapical inflammation, the vital regenerative tissue within root canal is the granulation tissue contained calcification.</p>